A Brief History of the Leeds Crane Makers

Introduction
The story of Leeds crane making goes back to a firm established in Calverley in 1820 by Jeremiah Balmforth and David Smith. Just as the locomotive industry in Leeds had begun with firms established to make mill machinery, so did its crane making industry. They were primarily millwrights producing machinery for the woollen industry. In 1833 the firm were joined by Jeremiah Booth. They looked for further markets for their work and this included hand operated cranes from 1840. In 1847 Booth left and established his own crane making company at the new Union Foundry. In 1855 Booth's firm passed on to his son Joseph Booth and the name Joseph Booth & Bros was adopted.^[1]
In 1858 Jeremiah Balmforth died and his son William inherited the position, to be followed the following year David Smith's son Thomas. The production of steam powered cranes is thought to have begun around 1860, however the two partners in the company fell out in 1861. Thomas Smith bought out the company and took control. Thomas Smith later brought his sons in to the business and they eventually took it over on his death in 1902. In 1918 the company was incorporated as Thomas Smith & Sons.^[8]
William Balmforth established a new firm to manufacture quarry cranes, the Peel Ings Foundry, though this works did not enjoy the same success of those of Thomas Smith and Joseph Booth.

Smith's Old Foundry and Booth's Union Foundry were both situated on a narrow strip of land between Town Street, Rodley and the Leeds & Liverpool Canal. Large demand for their cranes in docks, quarries and construction sites saw both businesses thrive. Particularly popular were the very similar 4 wheel steam cranes that both firms produced. The basic design is often referred to as the 'Leeds type' or 'Rodley type' and has the steam boiler counterbalancing the jib with a tall column pivot, making them very stable machines. These cranes proved so popular that the works both struggled to meet demand and very similar cranes were produced by a number of other firms around Leeds at the time. There continued to be close ties between the various firms in the local crane making industry with key personnel often moving between companies and the crane business of the smaller firms that were wound up over the years being taken on by the bigger firms. In the end a series of mergers saw the local crane makers in the hands of one firm Wellman Booth who continue to design cranes to this day from offices in Yeadon.
With so many firms in this area making cranes we have listed the companies alphabetically. From the menu above you can skip to the maker you are looking for.

William Balmforth / Balmforth Brothers
As mentioned in the introduction, William Balmforth began crane production in a partnership with the Smiths and Booths from which the main players in local crane making emerged. The seperation of that partnership in 1861 saw William Balmforth establish a new firm to manufacture quarry cranes, the Peel Ings Foundry.

Above - Surviving William Balmforth steam crane on Gloucester Docks (photo Kris Ward).

William Balmforth died around 1880 and his executors ran the firm for a number of years until his sons took over in 1897 and the company was renamed Balmforth Bros Ltd.
As well as steam cranes William Balmforth and their successors Balmforth Brothers built a couple of outside cylinder vertical boiler locomotives.
The gravel pits at the south end of Walney Island were operated for many years by Barrow-in-Furness contractor and industrialist Coulton William Hunter. The two Balmforth locos were similar, but not identical, and were used by Hunter on various contracts before being based permanently at the gravel pits from the early 1920s. Hunter died in 1926, the business was continued by his executors until 1936 and in that year the Piel & Walney Gravel Co Ltd was formed. The older of Hunter's two 3ft gauge locos, built by William Balmforth in about 1876. Its early history is unclear but it is believed to have come to Walney from an unknown source in about 1896. It received a new vertical boiler the same as the original in 1936, and in 1956 it was rebuilt with a horizontal boiler from a Burrell traction engine. In that form it lasted until 1960. The second loco at Walney was built by Balmforth Brothers Ltd in 1903-04 and was bought new by Hunter for a quarry railway at Dalton-in-Furness. At this site Hunter had taken over an existing railway of metre gauge, and the loco was built for that gauge, but was converted to 3ft gauge for use elsewhere when the quarry closed. From about 1908 it was used on various temporary contract railways before going to the Walney gravel pits in the early 1920s. Like the older loco the Balmforth Bros machine was rebuilt in the mid-1950s with a horizontal boiler, this time from a Marshall portable engine. When enthusiasts 'discovered' P&W Gravel in about 1950, the older of the two Balmforth locos was preferred by the crews because it had the better boiler. The newer loco had not received a new vertical boiler in 1936 when the older one did.^[17]

Below - This side view was taken by Frank Jones in August 1950. This shows the older of the two Walney locos, built by William Balmforth, standing outside the shed with the pier in the background (Frank Jones negative, Peter Holmes collection).

For comparison see the Picture of the loco rebuilt with a Burrel traction engine boiler (Photo Walter Shepherd collection).

The Peel Ings Foundry was a fairly small concern and it only lasted until 1916. It was bought by Samuel Butler & Co who subsequently built some steam cranes in their works in Stanningly and soon closed the Peel Ings Foundry.^[4]

Henry Berry
Established in 1883 and based in the Croydon Works in Hunslet from 1885, Henry Berry were noted more for work in hydraulics, however in the early 1900s they also advertised steam excavators.^[13] In 1920 the firm aquired Bramley Engineering who made machinery for the quarrying industry, including steam and other cranes. The firm of Henry Berry continued operating in Hunslet into recent years but are now part of the Rhodes Group and are currently located in Wakefield, they advertise machinery for railway workshops with exports of machinery for railway workshops across the world.^[14]

1915 advert for a Henry Berry steam excavator (Graces Guide)

Joseph Booth & Bros
Since the original crane making partnership split in 1847 the two key firms in this story, Thomas Smith and Joseph Booth, had been operating successfully side by side. With the large number of construction projects taking place around the world large numbers of cranes were needed, notable examples supplied by Booths being London's Tower Bridge and the financial disaster that was the aborted Wembley Park Tower project, London's answer to the Eifel Tower. In 1902 the Railway Magazine commented "If the Wembley Tower Company could have raised the money as quickly as these cranes raised the girders, the growth of the tower would not have ceased so abruptly."^[5]

Joseph Booth advert from 1888 (image Graces Guide)

Like Smiths, Booths began using electric power around the turn of the 20th Century and in 1902 The Railway Magazine recorded "This branch is rapidly extending, electricity being capable, under modern conditions, of applications in many directions cognate to the business of the firm, who, of course, make electric cranes."^[5] Producing the electric motors for their electric cranes in house, Booth's went on to use these motors in other applications. A number of battery locomotives were made under the Union trademark. The range included small battery shunters and mine locomotives.^[8]

Standard gauge Booth RAF battery locos 130 and 131 (Image Bob and Nikki McDonald)

From 1875 onwards Booths made large numbers of overhead cranes for use in factories. In 1903, a local newspaper article recorded "The noted Booths Bros. Self-Contained Steam Overhead Cranes and Goliath Cranes are largely used the world over by Railway Companies, Contractors, Government Works, &c., and they build these wonderful lifters to suit various spans, with a capacity of raising from 5 to 100 tons."^[6] In later years, as demand for rail mounted cranes dwindled, this company turned more to the production of overhead cranes.^[1]One unusual use for a Booths product was the supply of a crane to the Sultan of Morocco to lift stills used in the production of perfumes, much of which was being produced to supply the palace harem.^[6]
One of the most impressive of the firm's steam powered products was a 62t steam powered travelling derrick ordered by Weetman Pearson for constructing an extension to Valparaiso harbour in Chile in 1914. With the engine towards the centre of the structure, drive to the rail mounted bogies was supplied by shafts to the three bogies.

Publicity material for the 62t steam travelling derrick (Image Bob and Nikki McDonald)

Remarkably the remains of this machine can still be found at Vina Del Mar in Chile, just along the coast from Valparaiso. At some point it was converted in to a stationary derrick. The boiler was removed around 1986-87 and restauraunts built on the pier, these burnt down in 2007. The crane survives as a local landmark, though in somewhat deteriorated condition. Picture
Joseph Booth & Bros went in to liquidation in the 1920s depression and was bought by John Baker (1920) Ltd. John Baker was part of the Rotherham steel making family behind Baker & Bessemer. The new ownership saw Booths produce a lot of material for the steel industry, particulally for Baker & Bessemer's Kilnhurst works in Rotherham, the company diversified a long way from being a crane maker, fabricating everything down to the structural metal work for the works.

Clyde Crane & Booth Ltd
1864 established Gateshead engineering firm Clarke Chapman bought significant shares in both Joseph Booth & Bros and Mossend based crane maker Clyde Crane. Both companies were merged to form Clyde Crane and Booth Ltd in 1937.
One of the new company's more high profile projects was the 1957 built 'Bradwell Goliath', a massive 200 ton crane used to construct Bradwell nuclear power station. Then the biggest crane of its type in the world it was featured in the British Pathe newsreels.

British Pathe newsreel clip of the Bradwell Goliath (Click to open)

A similar crane was also employed at Dungeness power station. Though the crane was designed so it could be dismantled and re-used it in fact had a spectacular decomissioning when it was finished with at Bradwell, being blown up on the BBC news.
Booths also built some large rail mounted cranes for use as breakdown and civil engineering cranes. In 1958/59 Booths produced a series of ten 8 wheel Civil Engineers’ cranes for BR Western Region. Some might be familiar with the Airfix kit that was produced of these cranes, Booths having assisted the model manufacturers by providing various plans used in the production of the kit.

In the 1960s another series of mergers began to take place. In 1961, Clyde Crane and Booth Ltd also acquired the Carlisle crane maker Cowans Sheldon. Following the aquisition of Cowans Sheldon this was chosen as the brand name for Clarke Chapman's railway crane business. Booths designed railway cranes were advertised in the Cowans Sheldon catalogue^[7] and the works in Leeds concentrated on overhead cranes. 1961 saw the opening of a new head office for the Clyde Crane & Booth group 'Woodeson House' adjacent to the Rodley works.
In 1969, three of the giants of the crane industry merged, Clyde Crane and Booth Ltd, Sir William Arrol and Co Ltd and Wellman Cranes becoming the Crane and Bridge division of Clarke Chapman Ltd. In 1977 Clark Chapman became part of Northern Engineering Industries Plc and in 1978 they took over Thomas Smith In effect the group now owned most of the UK's crane making industry. The Clarke Chapman group was taken over by Rolls Royce in 1989 and by Langley Holdings in 2001. The Booths name can still be found on cranes from Clarke Chapman subsidiary Wellman Booth. The company now operates from an industrial unit in Yeadon where the in-house design work takes place, manufacturing being contracted out. Booths original Union Foundry has now been demolished and housing has been built on the site. The firm still specialises in overhead cranes and still carries out a lot of work for the nuclear power industry.^[1]

A Wellman Booth overhead crane at Scunthorpe steel works, though this is rather small compared to some of the cranes produced for the nuclear industry (but easier to take a photo of).

Bramley Engineering
This company supplied machinery to the quarrying industry around 1904 to 1920^[10] and amongst their products they advertised steam and electric cranes. Their catalogue illustrated a typical Leeds steam crane together with various derricks, hand cranes and overhead cranes. In the 1920 the firm were taken over by Henry Berry in Hunslet, mainly a manufacturer of hydraulic machinery but they to advertised steam excavators in their product range.

Bramley Engineering catalogue illustration of a typical Leeds steam crane (Michael Woodhouse)

Bray, Waddington & Co
James Bray had previously been a partner in the Railway Foundry in the early days of the works when it went through several changes of key personnel. From around 1846 he was at the New Docks Iron Works. Key personnel included Joseph Bray (who departed for India in 1851 and was replaced as a partner by James), Edwin Bray (who also left for India in 1856), John Waddington and Thomas Waddington. The company made hand cranes as well as railway wagons and bridges. Their bridges included the first railway bridge over the Thames.^[19]
One of Bray, Waddington's hand wharf cranes survives on the Driffield Canal. A rail mounted hand crane survives on Guernsey (see the External Website Links below for a picture. A couple of Bray, Waddington cranes survive in Ireland.

John Butler & Co
The Stanningly Ironworks is noted more for its structural metal work which included York's station roof. From around 1880 some steam cranes were produced to the familiar Rodley design. Several orders from John Butler are recorded in the surviving records from Joseph Booth so it would be interesting to verify if John Butler was subcontracting the work or if these cranes were in fact for use in the Stanningly Ironworks. The works closed in the depression of the 1930s.^[4]

Samuel Butler & Co
Samuel Butler was a member of the Butler family that owned Stanningly Ironworks. He founded his own Albion Works around 1904. The core of the business was structural metal work such as bridges but with the acquisition of Balmforth Brothers in 1916 they went in to crane production and recruited a crane design engineer with experience from previous work at Stothart & Pith in Bath. A number of orders were received from India, though serious problems with some 40 ton breakdown cranes ordered in 1925 for Indian Railways saw the firm leave the crane business.^[4]

Above - Butler 1126, one of the ill-fated 40 Ton steam breakdown cranes supplied to India seen at Ranaghat in 1978 (Photo Colin Miell)

Thomas Green
While famous for their steam trams, locomotives and rollers, Thomas Green produced a huge range of items in their Smithfield works. For a time they advertised steam cranes and produced an illustration following the usual 'Leeds Crane' basic design, it is not known at present if any of these cranes were built.^[11]

Isles Ltd
Job Isles' birth certificate confirms he was was born on 1/11/1842. In the 1851 census he is a scholar age 8 living with his parents and brother at North street Calverley. In the 1861 census he is a woollen weaver age 18 living with the family at 28 Well Street Farsley. His Obituary in the Pudsey News in 1919 reports that from about 1862 to 1864 he was a clerk at Thomas Smiths in Rodley and in 1865 to 1868/9 was a bookeeper at Springfield Ironworks on Bagley Lane Farsley. Certainly In 1869 he and two partners (Thomas Whitham and Ben Johnson) commenced making steam cranes at Prospect Works on Robin Lane Pudsey trading as 'Isles and Whitham' and 2/3 years later he and his partners purchased land in Swinnow (corner of Cross Harrison Street and Leeds and Bradford Road) and built Prospect Foundry.

Isles steam crane at the Middleton Railway (photo Kris Ward)

It is little surprise that Isles' range was similar to that of his previous employers Thomas Smith. The Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway were one of the best customers for Isles' cranes but they also supplied to the Great Central and Great Western. Isles cranes also found many industrial uses and were involved in many construction projects. Like the other local firms they produced overhead cranes for factories and were begining to use electrical power by the turn of the Century. In 1928 the firm quit the crane business, possibly an effect of the economic downturn that saw many engineering firms close at the time. Isles as a company survived the downturn but took took a different direction becoming a Yorkshire service agent for Leyland Trucks. They were appointed Leyland service agents initially for the Leeds/Bradford area and later for the whole of Yorkshire. After Job Isles' widow, Gertrude, died in 1963 the company was managed by members of the Isles family until, in 1968/9, the company was purchased by the Hargreaves motor group then based in Brighouse. Isles Ltd had therefore been in existence for about a hundred years. They continued as such in to the 1980s and established a new garage, Chatfield DAF which survives to this day.^[12]

Benjamin Johnson
John S. Brownlie's book on railway steam crane manufacturers records that "the firm of Benjamin Johnson Ltd, Mill Lane Works, Bramley, was once an important producer of cranes with a turn over of over 3000 between 1875 and 1915."^[16] It is surprising therefore that we have found very little mention of this firm and have not found detail in local directories or engineering journals of the time. We have seen a photograph of a steam crane from the firm (sadly we can't reproduce this for copyright reasons). The crane is not of the usual 'Leeds Type' without the common large central pillar, it has low horizontal cylinders.
A Benjamin Johnson was added to the partership at Isles of Stanningley on 15th October 1870, while it could be an extrodinary coincidence for two people with the same name being in the crane industry in such close proximity we've only seen one in the census (and that shows his son Joseph Naylor Johnson living in Mill Lane Bramley) so it seems highly likely that there was a connection between the firms. It is possible that Isle's Prospect works were situated on Robin Lane almost opposite the junction of New Street. In May 2016 there are premises called Victoria Works at this junction and the 1901 rate book indicates that these premises were occupied by B Johnson.^[12]

Kirkstall Forge
Kirkstall Forge can trace its history back to 1151 and the need for materials for the construction of Kirkstall Abbey. The "modern day" Kirkstall Forge began in 1779 when the historic forge was taken over by the Beacroft and Butler families (seemingly no relation to the Butlers of Stanningly who ran a couple of metal working firms mentioned elsewhere on this page). For much of their history the core of their business was axles and shafting, however they also manufactured all manner of machinery including stationary steam engines and steam cranes.

Kirkstall Forge 40 Ton Steam Forge Crane for the Russian Government of 1868 (Graces Guide)

Kirkstall Forge operated at the site until it was taken over by Dana Corporation in 1995, who over the next 6 years shifted production overseas and closed what was England's oldest forge.^[15] The site is being redeveloped with homes, offices and shops, however a small number of the most historic buildings have been retained. The part of the old works which was referred to as the "museum" by works staff includes a rail mounted hand crane the company had supplied to the Isle of Wight railways that they brought back to the works to become a display item. Though the area is currently fenced off, this can be seen from trains passing the new Kirkstall Forge railway station built to serve the development.

Smith, Beacock & Tannett
Smith, Beacock & Tannett were machine makers and operated in the former Round Foundry works. Amongst the machinery they produced was one of the overhead steam cranes used in the Monkbridge Iron Works.^[4]

Smith & Parker
Another engineering and boiler making firm operating in Leeds at the Regent Foundry on Skinner Lane, not far from Thomas Green's Smithfield works. Cranes for Railways were advertised amongst the products available from this company.^[7]

Thomas Smith & Sons Ltd

Above - Video clip of a Smith steam crane in action at Didcot
As mentioned in the introduction, Thomas Smiths were formed from part of that early partnership of Balmforth, Smith and Booth that produced much of the local crane making industry. From Thomas Smith going his own way in 1861 the company's history follows a similar course to that of their next door neighbours Joseph Booth, in fact they ended up part of the same group at the end as they had done in the beginning.

Picture of a Thomas Smith Steam Crane in the Slate Mining Museum at Llanberis (photo Kris Ward)

Smith's cranes found their way on to many docks and canal sides as well as railway yards and construction sites. Some of the largest construction projects to use Smith cranes were the Manchester Ship Canal, the Mersey tunnels, the Aswan Low Dam, the Lower Zambesi Bridge and the Sudan Barrage.^[7] As early as 1894 Thomas Smith were producing electrical powered cranes. The first electric crane was an overhead crane for use in the John Fowler works.^[2]
Thomas Smith were one of the pioneers of excavator development. In 1887 the firm fitted a shovel attachment to one of its 3 Ton steam cranes and soon after fitted another with Jubb's patent trenching equipment. In later years such machines would dominate the firms output. Eventually the internal combustion engine would replace the steam engine as the power source in their cranes and Caterpillar tracks fitted versions were offered as an alternative to moving around on railway wheels, these became more popular in later years as the railway industry lost its dominance.

Above - One of Smith's C28 crawler cranes at Embsey on the Embsey & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. (Photo - Kris Ward)

One large customer for Smith's crawler equipment was the Royal Air Force's Airfield Construction Branch who used a number of the 5-20 and 21 examples in their excavator, back-acter, dragline and grab forms repairing airfields in the UK and overseas. Post war this included operations in Germany including infastructure for the Berlin Airlift. Other post war operations took the RAF Airfield Construction Branch, which went on to become part of the Royal Engineers, all over the world. Though the RAF used many Smiths machines, the Army prefered the popular Ruston Bucyrus machinery.^[18]

Below - Smith 5/20 Back-Acter in use for runway repairs at RAF Lyneham in 1957 (Photo - Patrick Honey)

Patrick Honey, who worked with the Smith's machinery employed by the RAF recalls;
The [Smiths 5/20s] the RAF had were from about 1946 time, they all had Crossley 6 Cylinder Diesel engines. These were started by using compressed air, possibly because they would be deployed anywhere on earth and as battery power was in its infancy it made them independent units. Two tall cylinders of compressed air were charged up by a small petrol donkey engine. When these cylinders were fully charged to about 200 lbs pressure the decompression lever was set at the half position and main engine throttle to full. The air was then used to turn over the main engine and when turning over steadily the decompression lever was switched to closed position in the hope it would fire up! If I did not do so, then it was shut down and the sequence re started.
On every machine in the RAF ACB there were NO SMOKING signs but this was ignored when starting the heavy Plant (Cat D6 and D8 dozers and Excavators etc) as a lump of rag, soaked in diesel fuel, was lit and when turning over the main engine with air etc the lit rag was shoved into the main engine Air intake to assist the main engine to fire up! This was accepted practice in the U.K and other cold places but not needed in the Middle East though where ambient air temperatures were good enough to make starting easier.
The Smiths 21s though arrived with Leyland engines and battery start, a big improvement.
A Smiths 5/20 face shovel was sent over to St Kilda (the Atlantic island that time forgot?) in 1957 / 58 and used in the quarry on the island to load the Goodwin Goliath stone crushers, it was the heaviest piece of Plant sent there on that detachment.
When it came to transporting the equipment he recalls; "If the load was a Smiths 5/20 or 21 excavator, maybe with its 40ft jib still attached, the route had to be carefully planned ( pre motorway days) and on short journeys between depots it was common practice to - and I have done this myself - leave the engine running and for the operator to ride in the excavator cab - 16ft above the road - and rotate cab and jib as needed to negotiate obstacles. Imagine doing that today!"
"As expected though where possible these 40 ft long jibs were removed and to carry these we had Bedford R "donkeys" on loan from Fighter Command and they towed the 50 ft "Queen Mary" trailers - normally used to carry aircraft fuselages and wings - and as we found out at RAF Halton these 50ft trailers were also ideal for carrying 6 of our Thwaite dumpers - all driven in over the lowered tailgate - however at RAF Halton I had occasion to return a jib to Depot and they sent me a Bedford/QM unit but no lifting slings as I had requested."
Much of the crawler production would have gone in to quarry use. The Threlkeld Mining Museum in Cumbria has a large collection of former quarry machinery of numerous manufacturers which includes many of the various Smith models.

Key Thomas Smith Crawler Crane and Excavator Models

Smith 8

Super 10

Smith 12

Smith 14

Smith 5/20

Smith 21

Smith 26

Smith 28

Smith 40

Smith Eurocrane 35C

The company was taken over by Thomas W. Ward shortly before World War II and a bit of a reorganising took place. Overhead cranes were produced by TWW company John Smith (Keighley) with Thomas Smith concentrating on the various forms of travelling cranes and excavators. In 1978 Thomas Smith were taken over by Northern Engineering Industries. NEI had taken over many big manufacturing companies which by this time included Cowans Sheldon, Clyde Crane, Wellman Cranes and Joseph Booth. Eventually both the Smith and Booth works on Rodley's Town Street closed as Wellman Booth moved to smaller office premises in Yeadon from where they continued to design overhead cranes but contracted out the engineering work. The Booth works was redeveloped as housing but Smith's former Old Foundry buildings still survive in industrial use.

The former Old Foundry of Thomas Smith & Son.

Tannett, Walker & Co
Thomas Arthur Tannett, son of Thomas Tannett, established another company to manufacture plant equipment, Tannett, Walker & Co.^[9] The company made boilers, pumping engines, forging presses, rolling and bending machinery, parts for docks and canals and hydraulic machinery. Cranes were also amongst the products advertised by this company.^[7] A steam powered hydraulic engine used to power a crane survives at Armley Mills^[4]

Whitaker Brothers
The Whitaker family had quarrying interests in the Horsforth area. Samuel Whitaker established an engineering firm, Whitaker's Engineers. Naturally the core business of this firm would be supplying machinery for quarry use, this included cranes and excavators.^[4]

Whitaker Brothers advert from 1889 (image Graces Guide)

The engineering firm merged with the family quarrying contractors and engineers firm around 1872 to form Whitaker Brothers Contractors & Engineers. Initially the cranes themselves were bought in from other local firms and the necessary attachments for excavating were produced in house but the company soon began producing their own cranes. The company supplied several cranes for export as well as supplying the UK quarrying industry. In 1910 the company was sold to Ruston Proctor of Lincoln, this company were already a successful producer of excavating equipment and they soon closed the Horsforth works though did incorporate some Whitaker designs in to their range.

Whitaker Brothers steam crane No 130 preserved at Prestongrange Industrial Museum (photo Kris Ward)

Internal Website Links
Pictures
With some great contributions we are building up a nice collection of archive material of these firms. The Joseph Booth gallery has benifited from a contribution of good quality images dating from around 1914-1924.
Joseph Booth Picture Gallery
Thomas Smith Picture Gallery
Other Crane Manufacturers Picture Gallery
Lists
Our database has most records of Joseph Booth's output from the oldest surviving records of 1890 to the end of steam crane and railway crane production in the 1960s, though there are still some records to add. We have scanned a few volumes of Thomas Smith's records, with thanks to Wellman Booth, and are currently in the process of adding these to the database. We have also added details of surviving cranes that are known of around the worls, with thanks to Chris Capewell.

External Website Links
The Yorkshire Group of 16mm Modellers has a good write up about the Leeds crane makers on its website.[8]
Wellman Booth's current website.
www.smith-cranes.nl (in Dutch) Translation This sites has lots of material about Smith's excavators, crawlers and truck cranes.
Wikia page about Thomas Smith.
Graces Guide entry about Joseph Booth.
Graces Guide entry about Thomas Smith.
Graces Guide entry about Bramley Engineering.^[10]
Graces Guide entry about Bray, Waddington & Co.^[19]
Graces Guide entry about Henry Berry.^[13]
Current website for Henry Berry^[14]
1972 British Railways cranes manual on Barrowmore MRG website
Wikipedia page about Kirkstall Forge^[15]
Pictures
Archive images on Leodis.net:
Search results for 'Union Crane Works'
Search results for 'Thomas Smith'
Picture of Whitaker hand crane Trans Zambezia Railway No 13 on Flickr
Picture of Bray, Waddington hand crane at Herm, Guernsey.

Bibliography
Much of the archive material relating to Thomas Smith and Joseph Booth is held by the West Yorkshire Archive Service
Railway Steam Cranes, John S. Brownlie, SBN 0 9502965 0 3^[16]
Wellman Booth Company History ^[1]
Proud Heritage, A History of Thomas Smith & Sons (Rodley) Ltd, Frederick H Smith 1947.^[2] Look for this book on Amazon*
Narrow Gauge News August 2007 ^[3]
Old Glory, Yorkshire Steam Crane Manufacturers, November 2011 - January 2012 ^[4]
Railway Magazine August 1902 ^[5]
Bramley, Pudsey, Stanningley & District through the Camera 1903 ^[6]
Various company catalogues and sales brocures ^[7]
Monk Bridge Ironworks, Glyn Davies, Mark Stenton, Ron Fitzgerald and Rob Kinchin-Smith, ArcHeritage 2011, ISBN 978-1-874454-56-4 ^[9] Look for this book on Amazon*
The History of Thomas Green & Son Ltd, John Pease, ISBN: 9781899889 81 5 Look for this book at the publishers*^[11]
Research of David Wood, grandson of Job Isles^[12]
Information on the Balmforth locomotives provided by Peter Holmes^[17]
Information on the RAF's Airfield Construction Branch supplied by Patrick Honey^[18]
* These links are provided to help readers search for often rare books on the subject and to promote any books available, we are under no commercial incentives for this

Acknowledgements
This article was produced by Kris Ward, any feedback or contributions about the Leeds engine making industry would be greatly appreciated.
With thanks to Michael Woodhouse, formerly of Wellman Booth, for great help in producing this article
Thanks to Chris Capewell for information about surviving cranes here in the UK and all over the world and for help with a lot of the research in to local crane makers, also to Pat Williams for information regarding the 62t derrick in Chile. Thanks to Stewart Liles and Peter Holmes for material relating to the Balmorth locomotives. Thanks to Patrick Honey for information about the Smith crawler machines used by the RAF. Thanks to Alan Moore for information about surviving Bray, Waddington & Co cranes.